Although declared by his predecessor Nixon, former president Ronald Reagan is commonly credited with furthering the "war on drugs." The war on drugs was touted as the American government's attempts to minimize the illegal drug trade and use in the United States, and while Nixon's targets were largely heroin and marijuana, Reagan brought the focus to cocaine. Specifically, Reagan targeted crack cocaine--a more concentrated form of cocaine that was sold as rocks that are smoked rather than powder that is snorted. Despite there being no pharmacological difference between the two substances, a large part of the dialogue around crack cocaine was that it is significantly more dangerous than powder cocaine. Because crack cocaine is more concentrated than powder cocaine, it costs less for the same effects in the long run, because you need less of it to get the same result. It follows then that crack was used significantly more in lower income areas than higher income areas. These lower income areas tended to be predominantly occupied by racial minorities, especially Black Americans. President Reagan's wife, first lady Nancy Reagan, participated in the war on drugs as well. She started the "Just Say No" movement, sometimes associated with the D.A.R.E campaign because of their similarly oversimplified approaches to reducing drug use and general lack of success. The "Just Say No" movement essentially argued that drug abuse could be prevented if people just said "no" to using drugs, while ultimately refusing to acknowledge systemic issues associated with drug addiction and abuse.